NORD-12 - Revision history

Gandalf: Added a reference to the machine in Fetsund.

2019-04-29T16:24:15Z

Added a reference to the machine in Fetsund.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:24, 29 April 2019
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	The NORD-12 belongs to the [[NORD-10]] family of 16-bit computers where program compatibility with the NORD-10 is assured by the fact that both the instruction set and the Read Only Memory which controls the instruction execution is common to both the NORD-10 and the NORD-12. For readers familiar with the NORD-10, we recommend you read Appendix C which lists all differences between NORD-12 and NORD-10.		The NORD-12 belongs to the [[NORD-10]] family of 16-bit computers where program compatibility with the NORD-10 is assured by the fact that both the instruction set and the Read Only Memory which controls the instruction execution is common to both the NORD-10 and the NORD-12. For readers familiar with the NORD-10, we recommend you read Appendix C which lists all differences between NORD-12 and NORD-10.
			[[Image:NTM TELE-TKU-8004 NORD-12 Front.jpg \|300px \| thumb \| Front view of the NORD-12 in the Telemuseum collection.]]

	A basic instruction set is common to all NORD-12 machines, and this set is highly optimized to produce effective code; hardware floating point arithmetic is standard as are the instructions to manipulate individual bits at high speed.		A basic instruction set is common to all NORD-12 machines, and this set is highly optimized to produce effective code; hardware floating point arithmetic is standard as are the instructions to manipulate individual bits at high speed.
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	# The Memory Parity systems differs between NORD-10 and NORD-12. On NORD-10 [[TRA]] instructions are used for reading memory parity error information, on NORD-12 the parity mechanism is an Input/Output device which plugs into an I/O Slot. For both NORD-10 and NORD-12 Memory Parity is an option.		# The Memory Parity systems differs between NORD-10 and NORD-12. On NORD-10 [[TRA]] instructions are used for reading memory parity error information, on NORD-12 the parity mechanism is an Input/Output device which plugs into an I/O Slot. For both NORD-10 and NORD-12 Memory Parity is an option.
	# On NORD-10 the Bus Transceiver or Bus Extender is standard, this is an option on NORD-12.		# On NORD-10 the Bus Transceiver or Bus Extender is standard, this is an option on NORD-12.

			==Remaining machines==
			This is sadly a short list. The only known survivor is the one sitting in storage in the [[Telemuseums storage in Fetsund]]. Also machines that is known to be lost will be listed to make it easier to locate remaining ones. We don't have any production numbers yet.

			* [[NORD-12 serial 85]], unknown condition but looks nice from the outside. In the collection of Telemuseum.<ref>[https://digitaltmuseum.no/021026869023/datautstyr NORD-12 in the collection of Telemuseum, marked 8004]</ref>

	== Sources ==		== Sources ==

Tingo: /* Sources */ sintran.com has description and pictures of the NORD-12 Operator panel

2018-04-27T13:22:24Z

Sources: sintran.com has description and pictures of the NORD-12 Operator panel

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:22, 27 April 2018
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	== Sources ==		== Sources ==
	<references/>		<references/>
			[http://sintran.com/sintran/hardware/nd-other/nd-xxND12.html sintran.com: NORD-12 Operator panel]

	[[Category:Norsk Data hardware]]		[[Category:Norsk Data hardware]]

Tingo: added Peripheral Equipment section

2016-06-06T18:54:53Z

added Peripheral Equipment section

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:54, 6 June 2016
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	The input/output and interrupt systems of NORD-12 are designed for ease of use and very high speed. NORD-12 has 16 program levels each with its own set of registers, making possible a complete context switching from one program level to another in only 2.0 microseconds. In addition 2048 vectored priority input/output interrupts are standard.		The input/output and interrupt systems of NORD-12 are designed for ease of use and very high speed. NORD-12 has 16 program levels each with its own set of registers, making possible a complete context switching from one program level to another in only 2.0 microseconds. In addition 2048 vectored priority input/output interrupts are standard.
	<ref name="refintro">NORD-12 Reference Manual, Introduction</ref>		<ref name="refintro">NORD-12 Reference Manual, Introduction</ref>

			== Peripheral Equipment ==
			A complete range of peripheral equipment is available for the NORD-12. The I/O system is common for both the NORD-12 and the NORD-10, and all interfaces for the NORD-10 are immediately available also for the NORD-12. When upgrading from a NORD-12 to a NORD-10 all peripherals and interfaces may be moved from the NORD-12 to the NORD-10.

			Most peripherals to the NORD-12 are offered with a range of different performances. The range of peripherals include several types of console typewriters, teletypes or display terminals, paper tape equipment, line printers, card equipment, high speed electrostatic printer/plotters, magnetic cassette tape, 9-track magnetic tape also including high performance 90 ips 1600 bpi tape, fixed head drums, moving head cartridge disc, A/D - D/A equipment, transmission line interfaces and a [[CAMAC]] interface.
			<ref name="refintro"/>

	== Software ==		== Software ==

Tingo: added Software section

2016-06-06T18:39:54Z

added Software section

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:39, 6 June 2016
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	The input/output and interrupt systems of NORD-12 are designed for ease of use and very high speed. NORD-12 has 16 program levels each with its own set of registers, making possible a complete context switching from one program level to another in only 2.0 microseconds. In addition 2048 vectored priority input/output interrupts are standard.		The input/output and interrupt systems of NORD-12 are designed for ease of use and very high speed. NORD-12 has 16 program levels each with its own set of registers, making possible a complete context switching from one program level to another in only 2.0 microseconds. In addition 2048 vectored priority input/output interrupts are standard.
	<ref>NORD-12 Reference Manual, Introduction</ref>		<ref name="refintro">NORD-12 Reference Manual, Introduction</ref>

			== Software ==
			Based on 7 years of experience with [[NORD-1]] and [[NORD-10]] a wide range of system software is available including a SINTRAN III/12 operating system.

			For further information, please contact A/S Norsk Data-Elektronikk's Sales Office
			<ref name="refintro"/>

	== Differences between NORD-10 and NORD-12 ==		== Differences between NORD-10 and NORD-12 ==

Tingo: added General Characteristics section

2016-06-06T18:32:19Z

added General Characteristics section

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 {{Stub}}
 == Differences between NORD-10 and NORD-12 ==
 This appendix is provided for those comparing [[NORD-10]] with NORD-12.<ref>NORD-12 Reference Manual, Appendix C</ref>

Tingo: /* Differences between NORD-10 and NORD-12 */ added links

2016-06-06T18:06:12Z

Differences between NORD-10 and NORD-12: added links

Tingo: created initial NORD-12 page

2016-06-06T17:57:31Z

created initial NORD-12 page

New page

{{Stub}}
== Differences between NORD-10 and NORD-12 ==
This appendix is provided for those comparing [[NORD-10]] with NORD-12.<ref>NORD-12 Reference Manual, Appendix C</ref>
# Maximum memory size of the NORD-12 is 64K words. The Memory Management System option is not available for the NORD-12. With this option the maximum memory size for NORD-10 is 256K words.
# The speed of the NORD-10 is 300 ns per micro-instruction for NORD-12 it is 500 ns per micro-instruction. This gives a 5/3 ratio for floating point, for all other instructions consult the NORD-10 and NORD-12 Reference Manuals.
# Internal hardware error interrupts are not connected to level 14 on the NORD-12, and there is no IIE (Internal Interrupt Enable) register and no IIC (Internal Interrupt Code). However, on the NORD-12 it is possible to hardwire interrupts to level 14.
# NORD-12 is only available with dynamic MOS memories (4096 bit/chip), while NORD-10 is offered with a range of different memories.
# The rounding algorithm for floating point differs between NORD-10 and NORD-12. On NORD-12 there is no TG (Rounding) flip-flop in the Status Register (bit 1 in Status on NORD-1), and for NORD-12 all floating point results are truncated. On the NORD-10 the least significant bit in the result is forced to one if the result could not be exactly represented. For both the NORD-10 and NORD-12 all integers up to 2<sup>32</sup>-1 will be exactly represented in floating point format, and all results to this limit will also be exact.
# Only NORD-10 may have a NORD-1 Inpout/Output Channel as option.
# The Memory Parity systems differs between NORD-10 and NORD-12. On NORD-10 TRA instructions are used for reading memory parity error information, on NORD-12 the parity mechanism is an Input/Output device which plugs into an I/O Slot. For both NORD-10 and NORD-12 Memory Parity is an option.
# On NORD-10 the Bus Transceiver or Bus Extender is standard, this is an option on NORD-12.
== Sources ==
<references/>

[[Category:Norsk Data hardware]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:06, 6 June 2016
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	== Differences between NORD-10 and NORD-12 ==		== Differences between NORD-10 and NORD-12 ==
	This appendix is provided for those comparing [[NORD-10]] with NORD-12.<ref>NORD-12 Reference Manual, Appendix C</ref>		This appendix is provided for those comparing [[NORD-10]] with NORD-12.<ref>NORD-12 Reference Manual, Appendix C</ref>
	# Maximum memory size of the NORD-12 is 64K words. The Memory Management System option is not available for the NORD-12. With this option the maximum memory size for NORD-10 is 256K words.		# Maximum memory size of the NORD-12 is 64K words. The [[Memory Management System]] option is not available for the NORD-12. With this option the maximum memory size for NORD-10 is 256K words.
	# The speed of the NORD-10 is 300 ns per micro-instruction for NORD-12 it is 500 ns per micro-instruction. This gives a 5/3 ratio for floating point, for all other instructions consult the NORD-10 and NORD-12 Reference Manuals.		# The speed of the NORD-10 is 300 ns per micro-instruction for NORD-12 it is 500 ns per micro-instruction. This gives a 5/3 ratio for floating point, for all other instructions consult the NORD-10 and NORD-12 Reference Manuals.
	# Internal hardware error interrupts are not connected to level 14 on the NORD-12, and there is no IIE (Internal Interrupt Enable) register and no IIC (Internal Interrupt Code). However, on the NORD-12 it is possible to hardwire interrupts to level 14.		# Internal hardware error interrupts are not connected to level 14 on the NORD-12, and there is no [[ND-100 Registers#IIE\|IIE]] (Internal Interrupt Enable) register and no IIC (Internal Interrupt Code). However, on the NORD-12 it is possible to hardwire interrupts to level 14.
	# NORD-12 is only available with dynamic MOS memories (4096 bit/chip), while NORD-10 is offered with a range of different memories.		# NORD-12 is only available with dynamic MOS memories (4096 bit/chip), while NORD-10 is offered with a range of different memories.
	# The rounding algorithm for floating point differs between NORD-10 and NORD-12. On NORD-12 there is no TG (Rounding) flip-flop in the Status Register (bit 1 in Status on NORD-1), and for NORD-12 all floating point results are truncated. On the NORD-10 the least significant bit in the result is forced to one if the result could not be exactly represented. For both the NORD-10 and NORD-12 all integers up to 2<sup>32</sup>-1 will be exactly represented in floating point format, and all results to this limit will also be exact.		# The rounding algorithm for floating point differs between NORD-10 and NORD-12. On NORD-12 there is no TG (Rounding) flip-flop in the Status Register (bit 1 in Status on NORD-1), and for NORD-12 all floating point results are truncated. On the NORD-10 the least significant bit in the result is forced to one if the result could not be exactly represented. For both the NORD-10 and NORD-12 all integers up to 2<sup>32</sup>-1 will be exactly represented in floating point format, and all results to this limit will also be exact.
	# Only NORD-10 may have a NORD-1 ~~Inpout~~/Output Channel as option.		# Only NORD-10 may have a NORD-1 Input/Output Channel as option.
	# The Memory Parity systems differs between NORD-10 and NORD-12. On NORD-10 TRA instructions are used for reading memory parity error information, on NORD-12 the parity mechanism is an Input/Output device which plugs into an I/O Slot. For both NORD-10 and NORD-12 Memory Parity is an option.		# The Memory Parity systems differs between NORD-10 and NORD-12. On NORD-10 [[TRA]] instructions are used for reading memory parity error information, on NORD-12 the parity mechanism is an Input/Output device which plugs into an I/O Slot. For both NORD-10 and NORD-12 Memory Parity is an option.
	# On NORD-10 the Bus Transceiver or Bus Extender is standard, this is an option on NORD-12.		# On NORD-10 the Bus Transceiver or Bus Extender is standard, this is an option on NORD-12.

	== Sources ==		== Sources ==
	<references/>		<references/>

	[[Category:Norsk Data hardware]]		[[Category:Norsk Data hardware]]